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Comments on Shortest representation in generalised Roman numerals [FINALIZED]

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Shortest representation in generalised Roman numerals [FINALIZED]

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Given an integer, find its shortest representation in generalised Roman numerals. Since there is more than one way to generalise, only the definition shown below applies to this challenge.

Definition

The digits used are the same as for standard Roman numerals, with the same values:

Digit Value
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000

A number is represented as a string of digits. To determine the value of the number:

  • Find the first occurrence of the largest digit present. Call this the pivotal digit.
  • This pivotal digit will be preceded by a prefix of zero or more digits, and will be followed by a suffix of zero or more digits.
  • The value of the number is the value of the pivotal digit, minus the value of the prefix, plus the value of the suffix.

The value of the prefix and the suffix are calculated using these same steps, with the special case of a zero length prefix or suffix having value zero.

Note that unlike standard Roman numerals, this particular generalisation can represent negative integers and zero.

Input

  • An integer from -62 to 62, inclusive.
  • To emphasise: the input will not always be positive. It will sometimes be negative or zero.

Output

  • A string of Roman numeral digits (letters from IVXLCDM).
  • This must be the shortest string that represents the input.
  • If there is more than one shortest representation, you may output any of them, but you must output only one of them.
  • Note that - is not a valid character for the output. A negative input must result in output composed only of digits from IVXLCDM.
  • Your output is only required to be correct for the specified input range. For this specific challenge, you are free to sacrifice correctness outside the specified input range in order to reduce the size of your code. If all of the test cases pass, your code is valid.

Examples

These examples show Roman numeral digits in fixed width and decimal digits in bold.

Evaluating a string

The representation VIXIX is evaluated as follows:

  • X is the largest digit, so the pivotal digit is the first X.
  • The prefix is VI and the suffix is IX.
  • The value is pivot - prefix + suffix, or X - VI + IX.
  • Applying the same approach to VI gives V + I, or 6.
  • Applying the same approach to IX gives X - I, or 9.
  • So the value is X - VI + IX, or 10 - 6 + 9, or 13.

Processing an input integer

For input 4, there are a variety of ways of representing this number:

  • VIIXI (five digits) is X - (V + I + I) + I or 10 - (5 + 1 + 1) + 1.
  • IIII (four digits) is I + I + I + I or 1 + 1 + 1 + 1.
  • VIX (three digits) is X - (V + I) or 10 - (5 + 1).
  • IV (two digits) is V - I or 5 - 1.

The shortest representation is IV, so this is the valid output.

Multiple valid outputs

For input 3, both of the following are the shortest possible representation, so both are valid outputs:

  • III is I + I + I or 1 + 1 + 1.
  • IIV is V - (I + I) or 5 - (1 + 1).

Zero input

For input 0, any of the following are the shortest possible representation, so all are valid outputs:

  • VVX is X - (V + V) or 10 - (5 + 5).
  • LLC is C - (L + L) or 100 - (50 + 50).
  • DDM is M - (D + D) or 1000 - (500 + 500).

Negative input

For input -5, any of the following are the shortest possible representation, so all are valid outputs:

  • VVVX is X - (V + V + V) or 10 - (5 + 5 + 5).
  • LLVC is C - (L + L + V) or 100 - (50 + 50 + 5).
  • DDVM is M - (D + D + V) or 1000 - (500 + 500 + 5).

Test cases

Test cases are in the format integer:["valid","output","strings"].

Note that you must only output one valid string, not all of them.

1:["I"]
2:["II"]
3:["III","IIV"]
4:["IV"]
5:["V"]
6:["VI"]
7:["VII"]
8:["IIX"]
9:["IX"]
10:["X"]
11:["XI"]
12:["XII"]
13:["IIXV","IXIV","XIII","XIIV"]
14:["IXV","XIV"]
15:["XV"]
16:["XVI"]
17:["XVII"]
18:["IIXX","IXIX","XIIX"]
19:["IXX","XIX"]
20:["XX"]
21:["XXI"]
22:["XXII"]
23:["IIXXV","IXIXV","IXXIV","XIIXV","XIXIV","XXIII","XXIIV"]
24:["IXXV","XIXV","XXIV"]
25:["XXV"]
26:["XXVI"]
27:["XXVII"]
28:["IIXXX","IXIXX","IXXIX","XIIXX","XIXIX","XXIIX","XXIIL"]
29:["IXXX","XIXX","XXIX","XXIL"]
30:["XXX","XXL"]
31:["IXXL","XIXL","XXXI","XXLI"]
32:["IIXXL","IXIXL","IXXLI","XIIXL","XIXLI","XXXII","XXLII"]
33:["XVIIL"]
34:["XVIL"]
35:["XVL"]
36:["IXVL","XIVL","XVLI"]
37:["IIXVL","IXIVL","IXVLI","XIIIL","XIIVL","XIVLI","XVLII"]
38:["XIIL"]
39:["XIL"]
40:["XL"]
41:["IXL","XLI"]
42:["IIXL","IXLI","XLII"]
43:["VIIL"]
44:["VIL"]
45:["VL"]
46:["IVL","VLI"]
47:["IIIL","IIVL","IVLI","VLII"]
48:["IIL"]
49:["IL"]
50:["L"]
51:["LI"]
52:["LII"]
53:["IILV","ILIV","LIII","LIIV"]
54:["ILV","LIV"]
55:["LV"]
56:["LVI"]
57:["LVII"]
58:["IILX","ILIX","LIIX"]
59:["ILX","LIX"]
60:["LX"]
61:["LXI"]
62:["LXII"]
0:["VVX","LLC","DDM"]
-1:["VVIX","LLIC","DDIM"]
-2:["VVIIX","LLIIC","DDIIM"]
-3:["IIVVVX","IILLVC","IIDDVM","IVIVVX","IVVIVX","IVVVXI","ILILVC","ILLIVC","ILLVCI","IDIDVM","IDDIVM","IDDVMI","VIIVVX","VIVIVX","VIVVXI","VVIIIX","VVIIVX","VVIVXI","VVVXII","LIILVC","LILIVC","LILVCI","LLIIIC","LLIIVC","LLIVCI","LLVCII","DIIDVM","DIDIVM","DIDVMI","DDIIIM","DDIIVM","DDIVMI","DDVMII"]
-4:["IVVVX","ILLVC","IDDVM","VIVVX","VVIVX","VVVXI","LILVC","LLIVC","LLVCI","DIDVM","DDIVM","DDVMI"]
-5:["VVVX","LLVC","DDVM"]
-6:["VVVIX","LLVIC","DDVIM"]
-7:["VVVIIX","LLVIIC","DDVIIM"]
-8:["IILLXC","IIDDXM","ILILXC","ILLIXC","ILLXCI","IDIDXM","IDDIXM","IDDXMI","LIILXC","LILIXC","LILXCI","LLIIXC","LLIXCI","LLXCII","DIIDXM","DIDIXM","DIDXMI","DDIIXM","DDIXMI","DDXMII"]
-9:["ILLXC","IDDXM","LILXC","LLIXC","LLXCI","DIDXM","DDIXM","DDXMI"]
-10:["LLXC","DDXM"]
-11:["LLXIC","DDXIM"]
-12:["LLXIIC","DDXIIM"]
-13:["IILLXVC","IIDDXVM","ILILXVC","ILLIXVC","ILLXIVC","ILLXVCI","IDIDXVM","IDDIXVM","IDDXIVM","IDDXVMI","LIILXVC","LILIXVC","LILXIVC","LILXVCI","LLIIXVC","LLIXIVC","LLIXVCI","LLXIIIC","LLXIIVC","LLXIVCI","LLXVCII","DIIDXVM","DIDIXVM","DIDXIVM","DIDXVMI","DDIIXVM","DDIXIVM","DDIXVMI","DDXIIIM","DDXIIVM","DDXIVMI","DDXVMII"]
-14:["ILLXVC","IDDXVM","LILXVC","LLIXVC","LLXIVC","LLXVCI","DIDXVM","DDIXVM","DDXIVM","DDXVMI"]
-15:["LLXVC","DDXVM"]
-16:["LLXVIC","DDXVIM"]
-17:["LLXVIIC","DDXVIIM"]
-18:["IILLXXC","IIDDXXM","ILILXXC","ILLIXXC","ILLXIXC","ILLXXCI","IDIDXXM","IDDIXXM","IDDXIXM","IDDXXMI","LIILXXC","LILIXXC","LILXIXC","LILXXCI","LLIIXXC","LLIXIXC","LLIXXCI","LLXIIXC","LLXIXCI","LLXXCII","DIIDXXM","DIDIXXM","DIDXIXM","DIDXXMI","DDIIXXM","DDIXIXM","DDIXXMI","DDXIIXM","DDXIXMI","DDXXMII"]
-19:["ILLXXC","IDDXXM","LILXXC","LLIXXC","LLXIXC","LLXXCI","DIDXXM","DDIXXM","DDXIXM","DDXXMI"]
-20:["LLXXC","DDXXM"]
-21:["LLXXIC","DDXXIM"]
-22:["LLXXIIC","DDXXIIM"]
-23:["IILLXXVC","IIDDXXVM","ILILXXVC","ILLIXXVC","ILLXIXVC","ILLXXIVC","ILLXXVCI","IDIDXXVM","IDDIXXVM","IDDXIXVM","IDDXXIVM","IDDXXVMI","LIILXXVC","LILIXXVC","LILXIXVC","LILXXIVC","LILXXVCI","LLIIXXVC","LLIXIXVC","LLIXXIVC","LLIXXVCI","LLXIIXVC","LLXIXIVC","LLXIXVCI","LLXXIIIC","LLXXIIVC","LLXXIVCI","LLXXVCII","DIIDXXVM","DIDIXXVM","DIDXIXVM","DIDXXIVM","DIDXXVMI","DDIIXXVM","DDIXIXVM","DDIXXIVM","DDIXXVMI","DDXIIXVM","DDXIXIVM","DDXIXVMI","DDXXIIIM","DDXXIIVM","DDXXIVMI","DDXXVMII"]
-24:["ILLXXVC","IDDXXVM","LILXXVC","LLIXXVC","LLXIXVC","LLXXIVC","LLXXVCI","DIDXXVM","DDIXXVM","DDXIXVM","DDXXIVM","DDXXVMI"]
-25:["LLXXVC","DDXXVM"]
-26:["LLXXVIC","DDXXVIM"]
-27:["LLXXVIIC","DDXXVIIM"]
-28:["IILXXLLC","IILXLXLC","IILXLLCX","IILLXXXC","IILLXXLC","IILLXLCX","IILLLCXX","IIDXXDLM","IIDXDXLM","IIDXDLMX","IIDDXXXM","IIDDXXLM","IIDDXLMX","IIDDLMXX","ILILXXXC","ILILXXLC","ILILXLCX","ILILLCXX","ILXILXLC","ILXILLCX","ILXXILLC","ILXXLILC","ILXXLLCI","ILXLILCX","ILXLXILC","ILXLXLCI","ILXLLCXI","ILLIXXXC","ILLILCXX","ILLXIXXC","ILLXILCX","ILLXXIXC","ILLXXILC","ILLXXXCI","ILLXXLCI","ILLXLCXI","ILLLCXXI","IDIDXXXM","IDIDXXLM","IDIDXLMX","IDIDLMXX","IDXIDXLM","IDXIDLMX","IDXXIDLM","IDXXDILM","IDXXDLMI","IDXDILMX","IDXDXILM","IDXDXLMI","IDXDLMXI","IDDIXXXM","IDDILMXX","IDDXIXXM","IDDXILMX","IDDXXIXM","IDDXXILM","IDDXXXMI","IDDXXLMI","IDDXLMXI","IDDLMXXI","XIILXLLC","XIILLXLC","XIILLLCX","XIIDXDLM","XIIDDXLM","XIIDDLMX","XILILXLC","XILILLCX","XILXILLC","XILXLILC","XILXLLCI","XILLILCX","XILLXILC","XILLXLCI","XILLLCXI","XIDIDXLM","XIDIDLMX","XIDXIDLM","XIDXDILM","XIDXDLMI","XIDDILMX","XIDDXILM","XIDDXLMI","XIDDLMXI","XXIILLLC","XXIIDDLM","XXILILLC","XXILLILC","XXILLLCI","XXIDIDLM","XXIDDILM","XXIDDLMI","XXLIILLC","XXLILILC","XXLILLCI","XXLLIILC","XXLLILCI","XXLLLCII","XXDIIDLM","XXDIDILM","XXDIDLMI","XXDDIILM","XXDDILMI","XXDDLMII","XLIILXLC","XLIILLCX","XLILILCX","XLILXILC","XLILXLCI","XLILLCXI","XLXIILLC","XLXILILC","XLXILLCI","XLXLIILC","XLXLILCI","XLXLLCII","XLLIILCX","XLLILCXI","XLLXIILC","XLLXILCI","XLLXLCII","XLLLCXII","XDIIDXLM","XDIIDLMX","XDIDILMX","XDIDXILM","XDIDXLMI","XDIDLMXI","XDXIIDLM","XDXIDILM","XDXIDLMI","XDXDIILM","XDXDILMI","XDXDLMII","XDDIILMX","XDDILMXI","XDDXIILM","XDDXILMI","XDDXLMII","XDDLMXII","LIILXXXC","LIILXXLC","LIILXLCX","LIILLCXX","LILIXXXC","LILILCXX","LILXIXXC","LILXILCX","LILXXIXC","LILXXILC","LILXXXCI","LILXXLCI","LILXLCXI","LILLCXXI","LXIILXLC","LXIILLCX","LXILILCX","LXILXILC","LXILXLCI","LXILLCXI","LXXIILLC","LXXILILC","LXXILLCI","LXXLIILC","LXXLILCI","LXXLLCII","LXLIILCX","LXLILCXI","LXLXIILC","LXLXILCI","LXLXLCII","LXLLCXII","LLIIXXXC","LLIILCXX","LLIXIXXC","LLIXXIXC","LLIXXXCI","LLILCXXI","LLXIIXXC","LLXIILCX","LLXIXIXC","LLXIXXCI","LLXILCXI","LLXXIIXC","LLXXIILC","LLXXIXCI","LLXXILCI","LLXXXCII","LLXXLCII","LLXLCXII","LLLCXXII","DIIDXXXM","DIIDXXLM","DIIDXLMX","DIIDLMXX","DIDIXXXM","DIDILMXX","DIDXIXXM","DIDXILMX","DIDXXIXM","DIDXXILM","DIDXXXMI","DIDXXLMI","DIDXLMXI","DIDLMXXI","DXIIDXLM","DXIIDLMX","DXIDILMX","DXIDXILM","DXIDXLMI","DXIDLMXI","DXXIIDLM","DXXIDILM","DXXIDLMI","DXXDIILM","DXXDILMI","DXXDLMII","DXDIILMX","DXDILMXI","DXDXIILM","DXDXILMI","DXDXLMII","DXDLMXII","DDIIXXXM","DDIILMXX","DDIXIXXM","DDIXXIXM","DDIXXXMI","DDILMXXI","DDXIIXXM","DDXIILMX","DDXIXIXM","DDXIXXMI","DDXILMXI","DDXXIIXM","DDXXIILM","DDXXIXMI","DDXXILMI","DDXXXMII","DDXXLMII","DDXLMXII","DDLMXXII"]
-29:["ILXXLLC","ILXLXLC","ILXLLCX","ILLXXXC","ILLXXLC","ILLXLCX","ILLLCXX","IDXXDLM","IDXDXLM","IDXDLMX","IDDXXXM","IDDXXLM","IDDXLMX","IDDLMXX","XILXLLC","XILLXLC","XILLLCX","XIDXDLM","XIDDXLM","XIDDLMX","XXILLLC","XXIDDLM","XXLILLC","XXLLILC","XXLLLCI","XXDIDLM","XXDDILM","XXDDLMI","XLILXLC","XLILLCX","XLXILLC","XLXLILC","XLXLLCI","XLLILCX","XLLXILC","XLLXLCI","XLLLCXI","XDIDXLM","XDIDLMX","XDXIDLM","XDXDILM","XDXDLMI","XDDILMX","XDDXILM","XDDXLMI","XDDLMXI","LILXXXC","LILXXLC","LILXLCX","LILLCXX","LXILXLC","LXILLCX","LXXILLC","LXXLILC","LXXLLCI","LXLILCX","LXLXILC","LXLXLCI","LXLLCXI","LLIXXXC","LLILCXX","LLXIXXC","LLXILCX","LLXXIXC","LLXXILC","LLXXXCI","LLXXLCI","LLXLCXI","LLLCXXI","DIDXXXM","DIDXXLM","DIDXLMX","DIDLMXX","DXIDXLM","DXIDLMX","DXXIDLM","DXXDILM","DXXDLMI","DXDILMX","DXDXILM","DXDXLMI","DXDLMXI","DDIXXXM","DDILMXX","DDXIXXM","DDXILMX","DDXXIXM","DDXXILM","DDXXXMI","DDXXLMI","DDXLMXI","DDLMXXI"]
-30:["XXLLLC","XXDDLM","XLXLLC","XLLXLC","XLLLCX","XDXDLM","XDDXLM","XDDLMX","LXXLLC","LXLXLC","LXLLCX","LLXXXC","LLXXLC","LLXLCX","LLLCXX","DXXDLM","DXDXLM","DXDLMX","DDXXXM","DDXXLM","DDXLMX","DDLMXX"]
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-40:["XLLLC","XDDLM","LXLLC","LLXLC","LLLCX","DXDLM","DDXLM","DDLMX"]
-41:["IXLLLC","IXDDLM","XLLLIC","XDDLIM","LIXLLC","LXLLIC","LLIXLC","LLXLIC","LLLICX","LLLCIX","DIXDLM","DXDLIM","DDIXLM","DDXLIM","DDLIMX","DDLMIX"]
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-44:["ILVLLC","ILLVLC","ILLLCV","IDVDLM","IDDVLM","IDDLMV","VILLLC","VIDDLM","VLILLC","VLLILC","VLLLCI","VDIDLM","VDDILM","VDDLMI","LILVLC","LILLCV","LVILLC","LVLILC","LVLLCI","LLILCV","LLVILC","LLVLCI","LLLCVI","DIDVLM","DIDLMV","DVIDLM","DVDILM","DVDLMI","DDILMV","DDVILM","DDVLMI","DDLMVI"]
-45:["VLLLC","VDDLM","LVLLC","LLVLC","LLLCV","DVDLM","DDVLM","DDLMV"]
-46:["IVLLLC","IVDDLM","VLLLIC","VDDLIM","LIVLLC","LVLLIC","LLIVLC","LLVLIC","LLLICV","LLLCIV","DIVDLM","DVDLIM","DDIVLM","DDVLIM","DDLIMV","DDLMIV"]
-47:["IIILLLC","IIIDDLM","IIVLLLC","IIVDDLM","IILILLC","IILLILC","IILLLCI","IIDIDLM","IIDDILM","IIDDLMI","IVLLLIC","IVDDLIM","ILIILLC","ILILILC","ILILLCI","ILLIILC","ILLILCI","ILLLCII","IDIIDLM","IDIDILM","IDIDLMI","IDDIILM","IDDILMI","IDDLMII","VLLLIIC","VDDLIIM","LIIILLC","LIIVLLC","LIILILC","LIILLCI","LIVLLIC","LILIILC","LILILCI","LILLCII","LVLLIIC","LLIIILC","LLIIVLC","LLIILCI","LLIVLIC","LLILCII","LLVLIIC","LLLIICV","LLLICIV","LLLCIII","LLLCIIV","DIIIDLM","DIIVDLM","DIIDILM","DIIDLMI","DIVDLIM","DIDIILM","DIDILMI","DIDLMII","DVDLIIM","DDIIILM","DDIIVLM","DDIILMI","DDIVLIM","DDILMII","DDVLIIM","DDLIIMV","DDLIMIV","DDLMIII","DDLMIIV"]
-48:["IILLLC","IIDDLM","ILILLC","ILLILC","ILLLCI","IDIDLM","IDDILM","IDDLMI","LIILLC","LILILC","LILLCI","LLIILC","LLILCI","LLLCII","DIIDLM","DIDILM","DIDLMI","DDIILM","DDILMI","DDLMII"]
-49:["ILLLC","IDDLM","LILLC","LLILC","LLLCI","DIDLM","DDILM","DDLMI"]
-50:["LLLC","DDLM"]
-51:["LLLIC","DDLIM"]
-52:["LLLIIC","DDLIIM"]
-53:["IILLLVC","IIDDLVM","ILILLVC","ILLILVC","ILLLIVC","ILLLVCI","IDIDLVM","IDDILVM","IDDLIVM","IDDLVMI","LIILLVC","LILILVC","LILLIVC","LILLVCI","LLIILVC","LLILIVC","LLILVCI","LLLIIIC","LLLIIVC","LLLIVCI","LLLVCII","DIIDLVM","DIDILVM","DIDLIVM","DIDLVMI","DDIILVM","DDILIVM","DDILVMI","DDLIIIM","DDLIIVM","DDLIVMI","DDLVMII"]
-54:["ILLLVC","IDDLVM","LILLVC","LLILVC","LLLIVC","LLLVCI","DIDLVM","DDILVM","DDLIVM","DDLVMI"]
-55:["LLLVC","DDLVM"]
-56:["LLLVIC","DDLVIM"]
-57:["LLLVIIC","DDLVIIM"]
-58:["IILLLXC","IIDDLXM","ILILLXC","ILLILXC","ILLLIXC","ILLLXCI","IDIDLXM","IDDILXM","IDDLIXM","IDDLXMI","LIILLXC","LILILXC","LILLIXC","LILLXCI","LLIILXC","LLILIXC","LLILXCI","LLLIIXC","LLLIXCI","LLLXCII","DIIDLXM","DIDILXM","DIDLIXM","DIDLXMI","DDIILXM","DDILIXM","DDILXMI","DDLIIXM","DDLIXMI","DDLXMII"]
-59:["ILLLXC","IDDLXM","LILLXC","LLILXC","LLLIXC","LLLXCI","DIDLXM","DDILXM","DDLIXM","DDLXMI"]
-60:["LLLXC","DDLXM"]
-61:["LLLXIC","DDLXIM"]
-62:["LLLXIIC","DDLXIIM"]

Explanations are optional, but I'm more likely to upvote answers that have one.

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Negative numbers and zero (4 comments)
Negative numbers and zero
trichoplax‭ wrote about 1 year ago

Standard Roman numerals only support positive integers.

This particular generalisation of Roman numerals happens to be able to represent zero and negative integers. Should code be required to support these, or should inputs only be positive integers?

Examples
  • VVX is 10 - (5 + 5) = 0
  • VVVX is 10 - (5 + 5 + 5) = -5
trichoplax‭ wrote about 1 year ago

Now that I have noticed this, I am inclined to include both zero and negative integers as possible inputs, but I'll wait to see if anyone has reason to avoid either/both.

trichoplax‭ wrote about 1 year ago

Having written some code to generate test cases, the negative inputs take significantly more time to solve, so if I include them I will keep the size of inputs that you are required to accept fairly small.

trichoplax‭ wrote about 1 year ago · edited about 1 year ago

I decided to go with negative and zero inputs. I restricted the input range to -72 to 72 so that no output would be more than 8 characters long, but the test cases exceeded the post length limit, so I further restricted the input range to -62 to 62.