Caesar shift cipher
Introduction
What is the Caesar shift cipher (ROT$n$)? It's basically a cipher sequence that changes a letter's value from the number chosen. If we use ROT1 on "games", we get "hbnft". The basic interpretation of the cipher is iterating the value of a letter by 1 $n$ times. If you still don't understand, try using the ROT13 website.
Challenge
Make a program that takes input of a number from 1 to 25, call it $n$, and takes input of a string. It could be any. Then, use $n$ to convert the string into ROT$n$ and output the result.
Examples of inputs and outputs:
If $n = 4$ and string is "Hello, world.", we get Lipps, asvph.
If $n = 15$ and string is "trololol", we get igdadada.
If $n = 7$ and string is "gxoxk zhggt zbox rhn ni", we get never gonna give you up.
If $n = 24$ and string is "I want breakfast!", we get G uylr zpcyidyqr!.
If $n = 13$ and string is "guvf grkg vf fhf", we get this text is sus.
Shortest program wins.
[JavaScript (Node.js)], 67 60 …
3y ago
[Ruby], 56 bytes -> …
3y ago
[Python 3.8 (pre-release)], 98 …
3y ago
[C (gcc)], 112 bytes Functi …
3y ago
Javascript (V8), 202 97 bytes …
3y ago
[Lean 4], 183 181 bytes ``` …
4d ago
[C (clang)], 161 bytes …
3y ago
[Haskell], 74 bytes …
3y ago
8 answers
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Python 3.8 (pre-release), 98 bytes
lambda s,n:''.join((c,chr((ord(c)+n-1-(o:=(64,96)[c.islower()]))%26+o+1))[c.isalpha()] for c in s)
JavaScript (Node.js), 67 60 bytes
o=>r=>Buffer(o).map(c=>c%32<26&c>64?(c%32+r)%26+c-c%32:c)+''
o=>r=> // Define a function taking o and r, and returning...
Buffer(o).map(c=> // a Buffer of the charcodes of o, mapped to...
c%32<26&c>64 // If the character is alphabetical - charcode%32 is less than 26, charcode is >64
? // Then
(c%32+r)%26+c-c%32 // Rot-n the character - Mod 32, add r, mod 26, add correct number depending on whether it's uppercase of lowercase.
:c) // Else return the original string
) + '' // Coerce to string
-7 thanks to Shaggy.
Ruby, 56 bytes
->s,i{a=[*?a..?z].rotate(i)*"";s.tr "A-Za-z",a.upcase+a}
tr is wildly useful here. Builds the tr string manually and replaces only the alphabets.
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Javascript (V8), 202 97 bytes
o=>r=>o.replace(/[a-zA-Z]/g,o=>String.fromCharCode((o<="Z"?90:122)>=(o=o.charCodeAt()+r)?o:o-26))
Since the text of input must be manually changed from the code, here is how to change it, Go to console.log(rot("Hello World")(4)); and change text between "" (String) into anything you want lke console.log(rot("Codidact Code Golf)(4)); and if you want to change ROT$n$, change the number between brackets into anything like console.log(rot("Codidact Code Golf)(13));.
4 comment threads
C (gcc), 112 bytes
Function solution.
p,*a;f(char*s,int n){a=strdup(s);for(s=a;*s;s++)(p=isalpha(*s)?(*s&96)^96?65:97:0)&&(*s=(*s-p+n)%26+p);puts(a);}
Explanation: The code takes a hard copy of the passed parameter and increases each character with the value, but only in case it's a letter.
isalpha determines if something is a letter, then *s & 0x60 masks out lower case, since those always have bits 0x60 set (and upper always have 0x40 but not 0x60).
For upper case, p gets set to 'A', for lower case it gets set to 'a', otherwise to zero. The equation to handle wrap-around *s=(*s-p+n)%26+p only gets executed if p is not zero and basically just "modulo away" results larger than 26 - the size of the alphabet.
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C (clang), 161 bytes
i,j,k;main(){char *s;scanf("%i%[^\n]%*c",&i,s);for(j=0;j<strlen(s);j++){if(isalpha(s[j])){for(k=0;k<i;k++){if(s[j]==90||s[j]==122){s[j]-=26;}s[j]+=1;}}}puts(s);}
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Lean 4, 183 181 bytes
def c(t:String)(s:Nat):String:=t.map (λc=>if Char.isAlpha c then let b:=if Char.isLower c then 'a'else 'A';let h:=(Char.toNat c-Char.toNat b+s)%26+Char.toNat b;Char.ofNat h else c)
Honestly it's surprising that 1) you can just throw everything on one line, no matter the function's complexity, and 2) you can define anonymous functions inside of a function, which is something I did not know.
Hexdump since the source code contains unprintable characters:
00000000 64 65 66 20 63 28 74 3a 53 74 72 69 6e 67 29 28 |def c(t:String)(|
00000010 73 3a 4e 61 74 29 3a 53 74 72 69 6e 67 3a 3d 74 |s:Nat):String:=t|
00000020 2e 6d 61 70 20 28 ce bb 63 3d 3e 69 66 20 43 68 |.map (..c=>if Ch|
00000030 61 72 2e 69 73 41 6c 70 68 61 20 63 20 74 68 65 |ar.isAlpha c the|
00000040 6e 20 6c 65 74 20 62 3a 3d 69 66 20 43 68 61 72 |n let b:=if Char|
00000050 2e 69 73 4c 6f 77 65 72 20 63 20 74 68 65 6e 20 |.isLower c then |
00000060 27 61 27 65 6c 73 65 20 27 41 27 3b 6c 65 74 20 |'a'else 'A';let |
00000070 68 3a 3d 28 43 68 61 72 2e 74 6f 4e 61 74 20 63 |h:=(Char.toNat c|
00000080 2d 43 68 61 72 2e 74 6f 4e 61 74 20 62 2b 73 29 |-Char.toNat b+s)|
00000090 25 32 36 2b 43 68 61 72 2e 74 6f 4e 61 74 20 62 |%26+Char.toNat b|
000000a0 3b 43 68 61 72 2e 6f 66 4e 61 74 20 68 20 65 6c |;Char.ofNat h el|
000000b0 73 65 20 63 29 |se c)|
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